litmus.litmusclass

litmus.py

Contains the main litmus object class, which acts as a user-friendly interface with the models statistical models and fitting procedure. In future versions, this will also give access to the GUI.

todo - This entire class to be re-done to take multiple models instead of multiple lightcurves - Possibly add hdf5 saving to chain output - Maybe add save_litmus() /w pickling? - Need to have better handling of the "fitting method inherit" feature, especially with refactor / redo -

LITMUS(fitproc: fitting_procedure = None)

Bases: logger

A front-facing UI class for interfacing with the fitting procedures.

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def __init__(self, fitproc: fitting_procedure = None):

    logger.__init__(self)
    # ----------------------------

    if fitproc is None:
        self.msg_err("Didn't set a fitting method, using GP_simple")
        self.model = models.GP_simple()

        self.msg_err("Didn't set a fitting method, using hessian scan")

        fitproc = fitting_methods.hessian_scan(stat_model=self.model)

    self.model = fitproc.stat_model
    self.fitproc = fitproc

    # ----------------------------
    self.lightcurves = []
    self.data = None

    self.Nsamples = 50_000
    self.samples = {}
    self.prior_samples = self.model.prior_sample(self.Nsamples)
    self.C = ChainConsumer()

    self.C.set_override(ChainConfig(smooth=0, linewidth=2, plot_cloud=True, shade_alpha=0.5))

    # self.C.add_chain(Chain(samples=DataFrame.from_dict(self.prior_samples), name="Prior", color='gray'))
    if self.fitproc.has_run:
        self.samples = self.fitproc.get_samples(self.Nsamples)
        self.samples = self.fitproc.get_samples(self.Nsamples)
        self.C.add_chain(Chain(samples=DataFrame.from_dict(self.samples), name="Lightcurves %i-%i"))
        self.msg_err("Warning! LITMUS object built on pre-run fitting_procedure. May have unexpected behaviour.")

    return

model = fitproc.stat_model instance-attribute

fitproc = fitproc instance-attribute

lightcurves = [] instance-attribute

data = None instance-attribute

Nsamples = 50000 instance-attribute

samples = {} instance-attribute

prior_samples = self.model.prior_sample(self.Nsamples) instance-attribute

C = ChainConsumer() instance-attribute

add_lightcurve(lc: lightcurve)

Add a lightcurve 'lc' to the LITMUS object

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def add_lightcurve(self, lc: lightcurve):
    """
    Add a lightcurve 'lc' to the LITMUS object
    """
    self.lightcurves.append(lc)
    return

remove_lightcurve(i: int) -> None

Remove lightcurve of index 'i' from the LITMUS object

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def remove_lightcurve(self, i: int) -> None:
    """
    Remove lightcurve of index 'i' from the LITMUS object
    """
    N = len(self.lightcurves)

    if i < N:
        del self.lightcurves[i]
    else:
        self.msg_err("Tried to delete lightcurve %i but only have %i lightcurves. Skipping" % (i, N))
    return

prefit(i=0, j=1)

Performs the full fit for the chosen stats model and fitting method.

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def prefit(self, i=0, j=1):
    """
    Performs the full fit for the chosen stats model and fitting method.
    """

    lc_1, lc_2 = self.lightcurves[i], self.lightcurves[j]
    self.data = self.model.lc_to_data(lc_1, lc_2)

    self.fitproc.prefit(lc_1, lc_2)

fit(i=0, j=1) -> None

Performs the full fit for the chosen stats model and fitting method.

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def fit(self, i=0, j=1) -> None:
    """
    Performs the full fit for the chosen stats model and fitting method.
    """

    lc_1, lc_2 = self.lightcurves[i], self.lightcurves[j]
    self.data = self.model.lc_to_data(lc_1, lc_2)

    self.fitproc.fit(lc_1, lc_2)

    self.samples = self.fitproc.get_samples(self.Nsamples)
    self.C.add_chain(Chain(samples=DataFrame.from_dict(self.samples), name="Lightcurves %i-%i" % (i, j)))

save_chain(path: str = None, headings: bool = True) -> None

Saves the litmus's output chains to a .csv file at "path" If headings=True (default) then the names of the parameters will be written to the first row of the tile

todo - this needs updating

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def save_chain(self, path: str = None, headings: bool = True) -> None:
    """
    Saves the litmus's output chains to a .csv file at "path"
    If headings=True (default) then the names of the parameters will be written to the first row of the tile
    #todo - this needs updating
    """
    if path is None:
        path = "./%s_%s.csv" % (self.model.name, self.fitproc.name)
        if path[-4:] != ".csv": path += ".csv"

    rows = zip(*self.samples.values())
    with open(path, mode="w", newline="") as file:
        writer = csv.writer(file)
        # Write header
        if headings: writer.writerow(self.samples.keys())
        # Write rows
        writer.writerows(rows)

read_chain(path: str, header: _types.Iterable[str] | None = None)

todo needs updating

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def read_chain(self, path: str, header: _types.Iterable[str] | None = None):
    """
    #todo needs updating
    """
    # Reading the CSV into a DataFrame
    df = pd.read_csv(path)

    if header is None:
        keys = df.columns
    else:
        keys = header.copy()

    # Converting DataFrame to dictionary of numpy arrays
    out = {col: df[col].to_numpy() for col in keys}

    if out.keys() <= set(self.fitproc.stat_model.paramnames()):
        self.samples = out
        self.msg_run("Loaded chain /w headings", *keys)
    else:
        self.msg_err("Tried to load chain with different parameter names to model")

config(**kwargs)

Quick and easy way to pass arguments to the chainconsumer object. Allows editing while prote

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def config(self, **kwargs):
    '''
    Quick and easy way to pass arguments to the chainconsumer object.
    Allows editing while prote
    '''
    self.C.set_override(ChainConfig(**kwargs))

plot_lightcurves(model_no: int = 0, Nsamples: int = 1, Tspan: None | list[float, float] = None, Nplot: int = 1024, dir: str | None = None, show: bool = True) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure()

Plots the interpolated lightcurves for one of the fitted models

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
model_no	int	Which model to plot the lightcurves for	0
Nsamples	int	Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting	1
Tspan	None | list[float, float]	Span of time values to plot over. If None, will use the max / min times of lc_1 and lc_2	None
Nplot	int	Number of points in the interpolated lightcurve	1024
dir	str | None	If not None, will save to this filepath	None
show	bool	If True, will plt.show() the plot	True

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def plot_lightcurves(self, model_no: int =0, Nsamples: int = 1, Tspan: None | list[float, float] = None, Nplot: int = 1024,
                     dir: str | None = None, show: bool = True) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure():
    """
    Plots the interpolated lightcurves for one of the fitted models
    :param model_no: Which model to plot the lightcurves for
    :parameter Nsamples: Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting
    :parameter Tspan: Span of time values to plot over. If None, will use the max / min times of lc_1 and lc_2
    :parameter Nplot: Number of points in the interpolated lightcurve
    :parameter dir: If not None, will save to this filepath
    :parameter show: If True, will plt.show() the plot
    """

    self.msg_err("plot_lightcurve() not yet implemented")
    fig = plt.figure()
    return fig

plot_parameters(model_no: int | None = None, Nsamples: int = None, CC_kwargs: dict = {}, show: bool = True, prior_extents: bool = False, dir: str | None = None) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure

Creates a nicely formatted chainconsumer plot of the parameters

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
model_no	int | None	Which model to plot the lightcurves for. If None, will plot for all	None
Nsamples	int	Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting	None
CC_kwargs	dict	Keyword arguments to pass to the chainconsumer constructor	{}
show	bool	If True, will show the plot	True
prior_extents	bool	If True, will use the model prior range for the axes limits (Defaults to false if multiple models used)	False
dir	str | None	If not None, will save to this filepath Returns the matplotlib figure # todo - refactor for multi-model implementation	None

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def plot_parameters(self, model_no: int | None = None, Nsamples: int = None, CC_kwargs: dict = {},
                    show: bool = True,
                    prior_extents: bool = False, dir: str | None = None) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure:
    """
    Creates a nicely formatted chainconsumer plot of the parameters
    :param model_no: Which model to plot the lightcurves for. If None, will plot for all
    :param Nsamples: Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting
    :parameter CC_kwargs: Keyword arguments to pass to the chainconsumer constructor
    :parameter show: If True, will show the plot
    :parameter prior_extents: If True, will use the model prior range for the axes limits (Defaults to false if multiple models used)
    :parameter dir: If not None, will save to this filepath
    Returns the matplotlib figure

    # todo - refactor for multi-model implementation
    """

    if Nsamples is not None and Nsamples != self.Nsamples:
        C = ChainConsumer()
        samples = self.fitproc.get_samples(Nsamples, **CC_kwargs)
        C.add_chain(Chain(samples=DataFrame.from_dict(samples), name='samples'))
    else:
        C = self.C

    if prior_extents:
        _config = PlotConfig(extents=self.model.prior_ranges, summarise=True,
                             **CC_kwargs)
    else:
        _config = PlotConfig(summarise=True,
                             **CC_kwargs)
    C.plotter.set_config(_config)
    params_toplot = [param for param in self.model.free_params() if self.samples[param].ptp() != 0]
    if len(params_toplot) == 0:
        fig = plt.figure()
        if show: plt.show()
        return fig

    try:
        fig = C.plotter.plot(columns=params_toplot,
                             )
    except:
        fig = plt.figure()
        fig.text(0.5, 0.5, "Something wrong with plotter")
    fig.tight_layout()
    if show: fig.show()

    if dir is not None:
        plt.savefig(dir)

    return fig

lag_plot(Nsamples: int = None, show: bool = True, extras: bool = True, prior_extents=False, dir: str | None = None) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure

Creates a nicely formatted chainconsumer plot of the marginalized lag plot

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
Nsamples	int	Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting	None
show	bool	If True, will show the plot	True
extras	bool	If True, will add any fitting method specific extras to the plot	True
dir	str | None	If not None, will save to this filepath	None
prior_extents		If True, will use the model prior range for the axes limits (Defaults to false if multiple models used) Returns the matplotlib figure	False

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def lag_plot(self, Nsamples: int = None, show: bool = True, extras: bool = True, prior_extents=False,
             dir: str | None = None, ) -> matplotlib.figure.Figure:
    """
    Creates a nicely formatted chainconsumer plot of the marginalized lag plot
    :param Nsamples: Number of posterior samples to draw from when plotting
    :parameter show: If True, will show the plot
    :parameter extras: If True, will add any fitting method specific extras to the plot
    :parameter dir: If not None, will save to this filepath
    :parameter prior_extents: If True, will use the model prior range for the axes limits (Defaults to false if multiple models used)

    Returns the matplotlib figure
    """
    if 'lag' not in self.model.free_params():
        self.msg_err("Can't plot lags for a model without lags.")
        return

    if Nsamples is not None and Nsamples != self.Nsamples:
        C = ChainConsumer()
        samples = self.fitproc.get_samples(Nsamples)
        C.add_chain(Chain(samples=DataFrame.from_dict(samples), name="lags"))
    else:
        C = self.C

    _config = PlotConfig(extents=self.model.prior_ranges, summarise=True)
    C.plotter.set_config(_config)
    fig = C.plotter.plot_distributions(columns=['lag'], figsize=(8, 4))
    if prior_extents: fig.axes[0].set_xlim(*self.model.prior_ranges['lag'])
    fig.axes[0].set_ylim(*fig.axes[0].get_ylim())
    fig.tight_layout()

    fig.axes[0].grid()

    # Method specific plotting of fun stuff
    if extras:
        if isinstance(self.fitproc, fitting_methods.hessian_scan):
            X, logY = self.fitproc._get_slices('lags', 'logZ')

            if self.fitproc.interp_scale == 'linear':
                Y = np.exp(logY - logY.max())
                Y /= np.trapz(Y, X)
                fig.axes[0].plot(X, Y)

            elif self.fitproc.interp_scale == 'log':
                Xterp = np.linspace(*self.model.prior_ranges['lag'], self.Nsamples)
                logYterp = np.interp(Xterp, X, logY, left=logY[0], right=logY[-1])
                Yterp = np.exp(logYterp - logYterp.max())
                Yterp /= np.trapz(Yterp, Xterp)
                fig.axes[0].plot(Xterp, Yterp)

            plt.scatter(self.fitproc.lags, np.zeros_like(self.fitproc.lags), c='red', s=20)
            plt.scatter(X, np.zeros_like(X), c='black', s=20)
    if dir is not None:
        plt.savefig(dir)
    if show: fig.show()
    return (fig)

diagnostic_plots(dir: str | None = None, show: bool = False, **kwargs)

Generates a diagnostic plot window

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
dir	str | None	If not None, will save to this filepath	None
show	bool	If True, will show the plot If dir!=None, will plt.savefig to the filepath 'dir' with **kwargs	False

Source code in litmus/litmusclass.py

def diagnostic_plots(self, dir: str | None = None, show: bool = False, **kwargs):
    """
    Generates a diagnostic plot window
    :param dir: If not None, will save to this filepath
    :param show: If True, will show the plot

    If dir!=None, will plt.savefig to the filepath 'dir' with **kwargs
    """
    if hasattr(self.fitproc, "diagnostics"):
        self.fitproc.diagnostics()
    else:
        self.msg_err("diagnostic_plots() not yet implemented for fitting method %s" % (self.fitproc.name))

    if dir is not None:
        plt.savefig(dir, **kwargs)

    if show: plt.show()

    return

suppress_stdout()

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

@contextmanager
def suppress_stdout():
    # Duplicate the original stdout file descriptor to restore later
    original_stdout_fd = os.dup(sys.stdout.fileno())

    # Open devnull file and redirect stdout to it
    with open(os.devnull, 'w') as devnull:
        os.dup2(devnull.fileno(), sys.stdout.fileno())
        try:
            yield
        finally:
            # Restore original stdout from the duplicated file descriptor
            os.dup2(original_stdout_fd, sys.stdout.fileno())
            # Close the duplicated file descriptor
            os.close(original_stdout_fd)

isiter(x: any) -> bool

Checks to see if an object is itterable

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def isiter(x: any) -> bool:
    """
    Checks to see if an object is itterable
    """
    if type(x) == dict:
        return len(x[list(x.keys())[0]]) > 1
    try:
        iter(x)
    except:
        return (False)
    else:
        return (True)

isiter_dict(DICT: dict) -> bool

like isiter but for a dictionary. Checks only the first element in DICT.keys

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def isiter_dict(DICT: dict) -> bool:
    """
    like isiter but for a dictionary. Checks only the first element in DICT.keys
    """

    key = list(DICT.keys())[0]
    if isiter(DICT[key]):
        return True
    else:
        return False

dict_dim(DICT: dict) -> (int, int)

Checks the first element of a dictionary and returns its length

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_dim(DICT: dict) -> (int, int):
    """
    Checks the first element of a dictionary and returns its length
    """

    if isiter_dict(DICT):
        firstkey = list(DICT.keys())[0]
        return (len(list(DICT.keys())), len(DICT[firstkey]))
    else:
        return (len(list(DICT.keys())), 1)

dict_pack(DICT: dict, keys=None, recursive=True, H=None, d0={}) -> np.array

Packs a dictionary into an array format

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
DICT	dict	the dict to unpack	required
keys		the order in which to index the keyed elements. If none, will use DICT.keys(). Can be partial	None
recursive		whether to recurse into arrays	True
H		Matrix to scale parameters by	None
d0		Value to offset by before packing	{}

Returns:

Type	Description
array	(nkeys x len_array) np.arrayobject X = H (d-d0)

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_pack(DICT: dict, keys=None, recursive=True, H=None, d0={}) -> np.array:
    """
    Packs a dictionary into an array format
    :param DICT: the dict to unpack
    :param keys: the order in which to index the keyed elements. If none, will use DICT.keys(). Can be partial
    :param recursive: whether to recurse into arrays
    :param H: Matrix to scale parameters by
    :param d0: Value to offset by before packing
    :return: (nkeys x len_array) np.arrayobject

    X = H (d-d0)
    """

    nokeys = True if keys is None else 0
    keys = keys if keys is not None else DICT.keys()

    if d0 is {}: d0 = {key:0 for key in keys}

    for key in keys:
        if key in DICT.keys() and key not in d0.keys(): d0 |= {key: 0.0}

    if recursive and type(list(DICT.values())[0]) == dict:
        out = np.array(
            [dict_pack(DICT[key] - d0[key], keys=keys if not nokeys else None, recursive=recursive) for key in keys])
    else:
        if isiter(DICT[list(keys)[0]]):
            out = np.array([[DICT[key][i] - d0[key] for i in range(dict_dim(DICT)[1])] for key in keys])
        else:
            out = np.array([DICT[key] - d0[key] for key in keys])

    return (out)

dict_unpack(X: np.array, keys: [str], recursive=True, Hinv=None, x0=None) -> np.array

Unpacks an array into a dict

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
X	array	Array to unpack	required
keys	[str]	keys to unpack with	required

Returns:

Type	Description
array	Hinv(X) + x0

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_unpack(X: np.array, keys: [str], recursive=True, Hinv=None, x0=None) -> np.array:
    """
    Unpacks an array into a dict
    :param X: Array to unpack
    :param keys: keys to unpack with
    :return:

    Hinv(X) + x0
    """
    if Hinv is not None: assert Hinv.shape[0] == len(keys), "Size of H must be equal to number of keys in dict_unpack"

    if recursive and isiter(X[0]):
        out = {key: dict_unpack(X[i], keys, recursive) for i, key in enumerate(list(keys))}
    else:
        X = X.copy()
        if Hinv is not None:
            X = np.dot(Hinv, X)
        if x0 is not None:
            X += x0
        out = {key: X[i] for i, key in enumerate(list(keys))}

    return (out)

dict_sortby(A: dict, B: dict, match_only=True) -> dict

Sorts dict A to match keys of dict B.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
A	dict	Dict to be sorted	required
B	dict	Dict whose keys are will provide the ordering	required
match_only		If true, returns only for keys common to both A and B. Else, append un-sorted entries to end	True

Returns:

Type	Description
dict	{key: A[key] for key in B if key in A}

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_sortby(A: dict, B: dict, match_only=True) -> dict:
    """
    Sorts dict A to match keys of dict B.

    :param A: Dict to be sorted
    :param B: Dict whose keys are will provide the ordering
    :param match_only: If true, returns only for keys common to both A and B. Else, append un-sorted entries to end
    :return: {key: A[key] for key in B if key in A}
    """
    out = {key: A[key] for key in B if key in A}
    if not match_only:
        out |= {key: A[key] for key in A if key not in B}
    return (out)

dict_extend(A: dict, B: dict = None) -> dict

Extends all single-length entries of a dict to match the length of a non-singular element

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
A	dict	Dictionary whose elements are to be extended	required
B	dict	(optional) the array to extend by, equivalent to dict_extend(A|B)	None

Returns:

Type	Description
dict	Dict A with any singleton elements extended to the longest entry in A or B

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_extend(A: dict, B: dict = None) -> dict:
    """
    Extends all single-length entries of a dict to match the length of a non-singular element
    :param A: Dictionary whose elements are to be extended
    :param B: (optional) the array to extend by, equivalent to dict_extend(A|B)
    :return: Dict A with any singleton elements extended to the longest entry in A or B
    """

    out = A.copy()
    if B is not None: out |= B

    to_extend = [key for key in out if not isiter(out[key])]
    to_leave = [key for key in out if isiter(out[key])]

    if len(to_extend) == 0: return out
    if len(to_leave) == 0: return out

    N = len(out[to_leave[0]])
    for key in to_leave[1:]:
        assert len(out[key]) == N, "Tried to dict_extend() a dictionary with inhomogeneous lengths"

    for key in to_extend:
        out[key] = np.array([A[key]] * N)

    return (out)

dict_combine(X: [dict]) -> {str: [float]}

Combines an array, list etc. of dictionaries into a dictionary of arrays

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
X	[dict]	1D Iterable of dicts	required

Returns:

Type	Description
{str: [float]}	Dict of 1D iterables

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_combine(X: [dict]) -> {str: [float]}:
    """
    Combines an array, list etc. of dictionaries into a dictionary of arrays

    :param X: 1D Iterable of dicts
    :return: Dict of 1D iterables
    """

    N = len(X)
    keys = X[0].keys()

    out = {key: np.zeros(N) for key in keys}
    for n in range(N):
        for key in keys:
            out[key][n] = X[n][key]
    return (out)

dict_divide(X: dict) -> [dict]

Splits dict of arrays into array of dicts. Opposite of dict_combine

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
X	dict	Dict of 1D iterables	required

Returns:

Type	Description
[dict]	1D Iterable of dicts

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_divide(X: dict) -> [dict]:
    """
    Splits dict of arrays into array of dicts. Opposite of dict_combine

    :param X: Dict of 1D iterables
    :return: 1D Iterable of dicts
    """

    keys = list(X.keys())
    N = len(X[keys[0]])

    out = [{key: X[key][i] for key in X} for i in range(N)]

    return (out)

dict_split(X: dict, keys: [str]) -> (dict, dict)

Splits a dict in two based on keys

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
X	dict	Dict to be split into A,B	required
keys	[str]	Keys to be present in A, but not in B	required

Returns:

Type	Description
(dict, dict)	tuple of dicts (A,B)

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def dict_split(X: dict, keys: [str]) -> (dict, dict):
    """
    Splits a dict in two based on keys

    :param X: Dict to be split into A,B
    :param keys: Keys to be present in A, but not in B
    :return: tuple of dicts (A,B)
    """
    assert type(X) is dict, "input to dict_split() must be of type dict"
    assert isiter(keys) and type(keys[0])==str, "in dict_split() keys must be list of strings"
    A = {key: X[key] for key in keys}
    B = {key: X[key] for key in X.keys() if key not in keys}
    return (A, B)

pack_function(func, packed_keys: [str], fixed_values: dict = {}, invert: bool = False, jit: bool = False, H: np.array = None, d0: dict = {}) -> _types.FunctionType

Re-arranges a function that takes dict arguments to tak array-like arguments instead, so as to be autograd friendly Takes a function f(D:dict, arg, kwargs) and returns f(X, D2, args, **kwargs), D2 is all elements of D not listed in 'packed_keys' or fixed_values.

Parameters:

Name	Type	Description	Default
func		Function to be unpacked	required
packed_keys	[str]	Keys in 'D' to be packed in an array	required
fixed_values	dict	Elements of 'D' to be fixed	{}
invert	bool	If true, will 'flip' the function upside down	False
jit	bool	If true, will 'jit' the function	False
H	array	(optional) scaling matrix to reparameterize H with	None
d0	dict	(optional) If given, will center the reparameterized function at x0	{}

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def pack_function(func, packed_keys: ['str'], fixed_values: dict = {}, invert: bool = False, jit: bool = False,
                  H: np.array = None, d0: dict = {}) -> _types.FunctionType:
    """
    Re-arranges a function that takes dict arguments to tak array-like arguments instead, so as to be autograd friendly
    Takes a function f(D:dict, *arg, **kwargs) and returns f(X, D2, *args, **kwargs), D2 is all elements of D not
    listed in 'packed_keys' or fixed_values.

    :param func: Function to be unpacked
    :param packed_keys: Keys in 'D' to be packed in an array
    :param fixed_values: Elements of 'D' to be fixed
    :param invert:  If true, will 'flip' the function upside down
    :param jit: If true, will 'jit' the function
    :param H: (optional) scaling matrix to reparameterize H with
    :param d0: (optional) If given, will center the reparameterized  function at x0
    """

    if H is not None:
        assert H.shape[0] == len(packed_keys), "Scaling matrix H must be same length as packed_keys"
    else:
        H = jnp.eye(len(packed_keys))
    d0 = {key: 0.0 for key in packed_keys} | d0
    x0 = dict_pack(d0, packed_keys)

    # --------

    sign = -1 if invert else 1

    # --------
    def new_func(X, unpacked_params={}, *args, **kwargs):
        X = jnp.dot(H, X - x0)
        packed_dict = {key: x for key, x in zip(packed_keys, X)}
        packed_dict |= unpacked_params
        packed_dict |= fixed_values

        out = func(packed_dict, *args, **kwargs)
        return (sign * out)

    # --------
    if jit: new_func = jax.jit(new_func)

    return (new_func)

randint()

Quick utility to generate a random integer

Source code in litmus/_utils.py

def randint():
    """
    Quick utility to generate a random integer
    """
    return (np.random.randint(0, sys.maxsize // 1024))